Diarrhea in Young Children

Diarrhea, defined as having more than three loose, watery stools in a 24-hour period, is a common occurrence in infants and children under four years old. It’s important to be aware of the signs and symptoms, as well as how to prevent and treat them.

Viral infections, particularly rotavirus, are the most common culprits behind diarrhoea in young children. Other causes include bacterial infections, such as E. coli and Salmonella, as well as parasitic infections. Diarrhoea can also be triggered by food allergies, food poisoning, certain medications, excessive fluid intake, or defective
absorption.

If your child exhibits any of the following signs, it’s crucial to seek immediate medical attention:

● Age below six months
● High fever (exceeding 102.2°F or 39°C)
● Persistent diarrhoea for more than two days
● Vomiting, especially green-coloured (bilious vomiting)
● Decreased or absent urination for six hours
● Abdominal pain or cramps before each stool passage (tenesmus)
● Blood or mucus in the stool (dysentery)
● Dehydration

The duration of diarrhoea depends on the underlying cause. Listed below are the types of diarrhoea and treatments:

● Viral Diarrhea: Normal food can be given, and breastfeeding should continue.
● Bacterial Infections: Appropriate antibiotics will be prescribed based on stool cultures.
● Parenteral Diarrhea: Once the underlying cause is addressed, diarrhoea will resolve.
● Chronic Diarrhea: Evaluation by a healthcare professional is necessary. Offer age-appropriate glucose-electrolyte solutions if dehydrated. Avoid sugary drinks, as they can worsen diarrhoea. Continue breastfeeding, as breastfed babies tend to experience less severe diarrhoea.
● Continue breastfeeding, if possible.
● Offer soft solids, if the child is not vomiting.
● Consider incorporating probiotics, such as buttermilk or yoghurt, with rice and a pinch of salt.
● Provide paediatrician-recommended electrolyte solutions between feeds to prevent dehydration.

By following these guidelines, you can effectively manage diarrhoea in young children, prevent dehydration, and promote their overall health and well-being. Consult your child’s paediatrician in case of any concerns.